The year before, Nyren’s lab had also spun off a company, Pyrosequencing AB, to refine and commercialize the technology. Pyrosequencing was not the firm that would bring the technology to market, however; that distinction went to Connecticut-based 454 Life Sciences, who licensed whole-genome pyrosequencing applications in 2003. 454 made chips which enabled highly efficient, parallelized sequencing reactions and released the GS20 sequencer in 2005 for the price of $500,000. The GS20 worked by attaching each individual DNA template molecule to a bead and copying it many times using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each bead was then loaded into a well in a microplate, where sequencing reactions would be carried out. The light from luciferase activation could be detected through the bottom of the wells, enabling sequences to be read.
По словам спецпосланника, иранские переговорщики гордились тем, что им удалось обойти всевозможные протоколы контроля и достичь соглашения о поставке 11 ядерных бомб, а также заявляли о своем «неотъемлемом праве» на обогащение ядерного топлива.
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